Rules and fuzzy rules in text: concept, extraction and usage Kraft, D. H. Martín Bautista, María José Sánchez Fernández, Daniel Rules Fuzzy logic Information retrieval Association rules Inteligencia artificial Artificial intelligence Several concepts and techniques have been imported from other disciplines such as Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence to the field of textual data. In this paper, we focus on the concept of rule and the management of uncertainty in text applications. The different structures considered for the construction of the rules, the extraction of the knowledge base and the applications and usage of these rules are detailed. We include a review of the most relevant works of the different types of rules based on their representation and their application to most of the common tasks of Information Retrieval such as categorization, indexing and classification. 2022-11-10T09:55:00Z 2022-11-10T09:55:00Z 2003-09-02 journal article D.H. Kraft... [et al.]. Rules and fuzzy rules in text: concept, extraction and usage, International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, Volume 34, Issues 2–3, 2003, Pages 145-161, ISSN 0888-613X, [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2003.07.005] https://hdl.handle.net/10481/77880 10.1016/j.ijar.2003.07.005 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ open access Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional Elsevier