Characterisation of Galactic carbon stars and related stars from Gaia EDR3 Abia Ladrón De Guevara, Carlos Antonio Laverny, P. de Romero-Gómez, M. Figueras, F. Stars: late-type Stars: carbon Techniques: miscellaneous Acknowledgements. This study has been partially supported by project PGC2018-095317-B-C21 financed by the MCIN/AEI FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa”. M.R.G. and F.F. acknowledge the funding by Spanish MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe” by the “European Union” through grant RTI2018-095076-B-C21, and the Institute of Cosmos Sciences University of Barcelona (ICCUB, Unidad de Excelencia ‘María de Maeztu’) through grant CEX2019-000918-M. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www. cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/ consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This work has been partially supported by the “Programme National de Physique Stellaire” (PNPS) of CNRS/INSU co-funded by CEA and CNES. We thank the referee Dr. N. Mowlavi for his useful comments and suggestions. The third early Gaia data release (EDR3) has improved the accuracy of the astrometric parameters of numerous long-period variable (LPV) stars. Many of these stars are on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), showing either a C-rich or O-rich envelope and are characterised by high luminosity, changing surface composition, and intense mass loss. This make them very useful for stellar studies. In a previous investigation, we used Gaia DR2 astrometry to derive the luminosity function, kinematic properties, and stellar population membership of a flux-limited sample of carbon stars in the solar neighbourhood of different spectral types. Here, we extend this initial study to more recent surveys with a greater number of Galactic carbon stars and related stars by adopting the more accurate EDR3 astrometry measurements. Based on a much larger statistics, we confirm that N- and SC-type carbon stars share a very similar luminosity function, while the luminosities of J-type stars (Mbol) are fainter by half a magnitude on average. R-hot type carbon stars have luminosities throughout the RGB, which favours the hypothesis of an external origin for their carbon enhancement. Moreover, the kinematic properties of a significant fraction of the R-hot stars are compatible with the thick-disc population, in contrast with that of N- and SC-type stars, which would belong mostly to the thin disk. We also derive the luminosity function of a large number of Galactic extrinsic and intrinsic (O-rich) S stars and show that the luminosities of the latter are typically higher than the predicted onset of the third dredge-up during the AGB for solar metallicity. This result is consistent with these stars being genuine thermally pulsing AGB stars. On the other hand, using the so-called Gaia-2MASS diagram, we show that the overwhelming majority of the carbon stars identified in the LAMOST survey as AGB stars are probably R-hot and/or CH-type stars. Finally, we report the identification of ∼2660 new carbon stars candidates that we identified through their 2MASS photometry, their Gaia astrometry, and their location in the Gaia-2MASS diagram. 2022-09-26T11:36:30Z 2022-09-26T11:36:30Z 2022-08-03 journal article C. Abia et al.: Characterisation of Galactic carbon stars and related stars from Gaia EDR3. A&A 664, A45 (2022) [https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202243595] https://hdl.handle.net/10481/76975 10.1051/0004-6361/202243595 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional EDP Sciences