Gender and Leadership Positions in Spanish Dentistry Hernández Ruiz, Rocío Rosel Gallardo, Eva María Cifuentes Jiménez, Carolina Cecilia González López, Santiago Bolaños Carmona, María Victoria Dentists Gender equity Leadership Workforce glass ceiling Spain Dentistry The Research Ethics Committee of the University of Granada issued a favorable report in relation to the present research under number 2430/CEIH/2021. Data Availability The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. Dentists in Spain reached equal gender representation in 2012 and the number of female dentists has continued to grow (until 57.3% in 2020). This study aims to increase evidence about the gender distribution on the high responsibility positions and opinion leaders of the dental profession and academia. Composition of the executive comities of the main dental institutions of Spain (regional professional associations, national dental association, and scientific societies), members of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Granada in 2020 and speakers of the main dental congresses of 2019 (due to the lack of congress in 2020) were recorded and analyzed by genders using chi-squared test (P < .05). Mean representation of female dentists in executive committees of professional associations was 35.6%. More than 70% of presidents and vice-presidents of professional colleges and more than 60% of these positions in scientific societies were occupied by male dentists. None of dental congresses of 2019 reached equal gender participation, being 81.3% of lecturers presenting on main auditoriums male dentists. Although dental workforce in Spain is slightly overrepresented by females, leadership positions and figures among Spanish dentists doesn’t seem to reflect the gender distribution of the collective. There is a lack of women occupying highlevel positions in dentistry that proves the existence of the so-called “glass ceiling effect” on the profession. Further studies about sociodemographic aspects of dental workforce are needed to develop evidence-based policies for the collective. 2022-09-09T11:09:05Z 2022-09-09T11:09:05Z 2022-07-30 journal article . Hernández-Ruiz RE, Rosel-Gallardo EM, Cifuentes-Jiménez C, González-López S, Bolaños-Carmona MV. Gender and Leadership Positions in Spanish Dentistry. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing. January 2022. [doi:10.1177/00469580221109970] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/76604 10.1177/00469580221109970 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ open access Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional Sage Publications