Proton and pion distribution functions in counterpoint Lu, Ya Chang, Lei Raya Montaño, Khépani Roberts, Craig D. Rodríguez-Quintero, J. Continuum Schwinger function methods Emergence of mass Pion structure Proton structure Parton distributions Strong interactions in the standard model of particle physics Acknowledgements We are grateful for constructive comments from D.Binosi, C.Chen, Z.-F.Cui, M.Ding, F.Gao, R.Sufian and S.M.Schmidt. Work supported by: National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 12135007); Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) (grant no. PID2019-107844GB-C22); and Junta de An-dalucía (grant nos. P18-FR-5057, UHU-1264517). Working with proton and pion valence distribution functions (DFs) determined consistently at the same, unique hadron scale and exploiting the possibility that there is an effective charge which defines an evolution scheme for DFs that is all-orders exact, we obtain a unified body of predictions for all proton and pion DFs – valence, glue, and four-flavour-separated sea. Whilst the hadron light-front momentum fractions carried by identifiable parton classes are the same for the proton and pion at any scale, the pointwise behaviour of the DFs is strongly hadron-dependent. All calculated distributions comply with quantum chromodynamics constraints on low-and high-xscaling behaviour and, owing to emergent hadron mass, pion DFs are the most dilated. These results aid in elucidating the sources of similarities and differences between proton and pion structure. 2022-06-07T12:10:40Z 2022-06-07T12:10:40Z 2022 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Y. Lu, L. Chang, K. Raya et al. Proton and pion distribution functions in counterpoint. Physics Letters B 830 (2022) 137130 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137130] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/75312 10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137130 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución 3.0 España Elsevier