Nanomedicine as a Promising Tool to Overcome Immune Escape in Breast Cancer Navarro Ocón, Alba Blaya Cánovas, José Lucas López Tejada, Araceli Blancas López-Barajas, María Isabel Sánchez Martín, Rosario María Griñán Lisón, Carmen Calahorra, Jesús Cara, Francisca E. Ruiz-Cabello Osuna, Francisco Marchal Corrales, Juan Antonio Aptsiauri, Natalia Granados Principal, Sergio Breast cancer Nanomedicine Immune escape Cancer immunotherapy Cancer treatment S.G.-P. was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CP14/00197, CP19/00029) and the European Regional Development Fund (European Union). This work was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI15/00336, PI19/01533), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (PID2020-115087GB-100, RTI2018.101309B-C22) and Junta de Andalucia (B-CTS-410-UGR-20). A.N.-O. was supported by Sistema Nacional de Garantia Juvenil (Fondo Social Europeo). J.L.B.-C. was supported by Fundacion Cientifica Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer, Junta Provincial de Jaen (AECC) (PRDJA19001BLAY), and A.L.T. was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (FPU19/04450). C.G.-L. was funded by Junta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Salud y Familias (RH-0139-2020), J.C. was funded by Junta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades (DOC_01686). Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy and leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Despite the current revolutionary advances in the field of cancer immunotherapy, clinical response in breast cancer is frequently below expectations, in part due to various mechanisms of cancer immune escape that produce tumor variants that are resistant to treatment. Thus, a further understanding of the molecular events underlying immune evasion in breast cancer may guarantee a significant improvement in the clinical success of immunotherapy. Furthermore, nanomedicine provides a promising opportunity to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy by improving the delivery, retention and release of immunostimulatory agents in targeted cells and tumor tissues. Hence, it can be used to overcome tumor immune escape and increase tumor rejection in numerous malignancies, including breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the current status and emerging trends in nanomedicine-based strategies targeting cancer immune evasion and modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, including the inhibition of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor area, the activation of dendritic cells and the stimulation of the specific antitumor T-cell response. 2022-04-21T08:41:43Z 2022-04-21T08:41:43Z 2022-02-25 journal article Navarro-Ocón, A... [et al.]. Nanomedicine as a Promising Tool to Overcome Immune Escape in Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 505. [https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030505] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/74426 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030505 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ open access Atribución 3.0 España MDPI