Ensemble of coupling forms and networks among brain rhythms as function of states and cognition Chen, Bolun Ciria Pérez, Luis Fernando We acknowledge support from the W. M. Keck Foundation, and the US Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF Grant 2020020). We also thank Dr. Sergi Garcia-Retortillo for stimulating discussions and helpful comments on the manuscript. The current paradigm in brain research focuses on individual brain rhythms, their spatiotemporal organization, and specific pairwise interactions in association with physiological states, cognitive functions, and pathological conditions. Here we propose a conceptually different approach to understanding physiologic function as emerging behavior from communications among distinct brain rhythms. We hypothesize that all brain rhythms coordinate as a network to generate states and facilitate functions. We analyze healthy subjects during rest, exercise, and cognitive tasks and show that synchronous modulation in the microarchitecture of brain rhythms mediates their cross-communications. We discover that brain rhythms interact through an ensemble of coupling forms, universally observed across cortical areas, uniquely defining each physiological state. We demonstrate that a dynamic network regulates the collective behavior of brain rhythms and that network topology and links strength hierarchically reorganize with transitions across states, indicating that brain-rhythm interactions play an essential role in generating physiological states and cognition. 2022-02-21T07:39:59Z 2022-02-21T07:39:59Z 2022-01-21 journal article Chen, B... [et al.]. Ensemble of coupling forms and networks among brain rhythms as function of states and cognition. Commun Biol 5, 82 (2022). [https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03017-4] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/72919 10.1038/s42003-022-03017-4 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ open access Atribución 3.0 España Nature