Gender Parity in Spain: Attainments and Remaining Challenges Árbol Pérez, Isabel María Entrena Durán, Francisco Spain Gender equality legislation Gender inequalities Activity rates Employment rates Gender pay gap Gender roles Macho mentality The predoctoral contract mentioned in the previous paragraph was founded by the Spanish Ministry of Research and Universities. This research, which is part of a PhD thesis written by Isabel Árbol-Pérez and supervised by Francisco Entrena-Durán, has been carried out at the University of Granada (Spain) with a 4-year predoctoral contract for the training of the University Teaching Staff (Contrato predoctoral para la Formación del Profesorado Universitario (FPU)). The purpose of this article is to study the progress made in Spain in terms of gender parity and the challenges still pending to be achieved in this regard. To attain this objective, first of all, the authors review the successive legal regulations aimed at reaching gender equality that have been enacted in Spain. Furthermore, the considerations and findings made are based on the use of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. On the one hand, from a quantitative viewpoint, different statistical data provided mainly by the Spanish Statistics National Institute are analyzed. From these data, the authors prepare a set of tables and figures that allow them to show that, despite the undoubted legislative advances attained, clear gender inequalities continue in Spain. On the other hand, the authors base their assertions both on their participant observation and on a reinterpretation and reanalysis of the results of two previous qualitative researches. One of the most remarkable outcomes of the use of this qualitative methodology is the persistence in Spain of diverse signs of macho mentality. This persistence not only manifests itself among many men, it is also shared by a large number of women. 2022-01-12T10:06:28Z 2022-01-12T10:06:28Z 2021-12-22 journal article Árbol-Pérez, Isabel, and Francisco Entrena-Durán. 2022. Gender Parity in Spain: Attainments and Remaining Challenges. Social Sciences 11: 4. [https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11010004] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/72322 10.3390/socsci11010004 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ open access Atribución 3.0 España MDPI