Introduction to the Special Issue: The ecology and genetics of population differentiation in plants Picó, F. Xavier Abdelaziz Mohamed, Mohamed Common garden experiments Epigenetics Local adaptation Molecular markers Next-generation sequencing Phenotypic plasticity Quantitative traits Grants PID2019-104135GB-I00 (F.X.P.) and PID2019-111294GB-I00 (M.A.) from the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) of Spain and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER, UE) funded this research. M.A. also acknowledges the project 2415/2017 from the Organismo Autonomo de Parques Nacionales of Spain. A.R.C. received support from a Portuguese FCT postdoctoral fellowship (SFRH/BPD/115781/2016). Population differentiation is a pervasive process in nature. At present, evolutionary studies on plant population differentiation address key questions by undertaking joint ecological and genetic approaches and employing a combination of molecular and experimental means. In this special issue, we gathered a collection of papers dealing with various ecological and genetic aspects of population differentiation in plants. In particular, this special issue encompasses eight research articles and two reviews covering a wide array of worldwide environments, plant functional types, genetic and genomic approaches, and common garden experiments to quantify molecular and/or quantitative trait differentiation in plant populations. Overall, this special issue stresses the validity of traditional evolutionary studies focused on plant populations, whilst emphasizing the integration of classical biological disciplines and state-of-the-art molecular techniques into a unique toolkit for evolutionary plant research. 2021-12-21T07:52:20Z 2021-12-21T07:52:20Z 2021-09-06 journal article F Xavier Picó, Mohamed Abdelaziz, Antonio R Castilla, Introduction to the Special Issue: The ecology and genetics of population differentiation in plants, AoB PLANTS, Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2021, plab057, [https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plab057] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/72145 10.1093/aobpla/plab057 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ open access Atribución 3.0 España Oxford University Press