Applications of artificial intelligence in dentistry: A comprehensive review Carrillo Pérez, Francisco Morales Vega, Juan Carlos Ghinea, Razvan Ionut Pulgar Encinas, Rosa María Pérez Gómez, María Del Mar Herrera Maldonado, Luis Javier Artificial intelligence Deep learning Dentistry Machine learning This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Sciences, Innovation and Universities under Projects RTI2018-101674-B-I00 and PGC2018-101904-A-100, University of Granada project A.TEP. 280.UGR18, I+D+I Junta de Andalucia 2020 project P20-00200, and Fapergs/Capes do Brasil grant 19/25510000928-3. Funding for open-access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA Objective: To perform a comprehensive review of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in dentistry, providing the community with a broad insight on the different advances that these technologies and tools have produced, paying special attention to the area of esthetic dentistry and color research. Materials and methods: The comprehensive review was conducted in MEDLINE/ PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, for papers published in English language in the last 20 years. Results: Out of 3871 eligible papers, 120 were included for final appraisal. Study methodologies included deep learning (DL; n = 76), fuzzy logic (FL; n = 12), and other ML techniques (n = 32), which were mainly applied to disease identification, image segmentation, image correction, and biomimetic color analysis and modeling. Conclusions: The insight provided by the present work has reported outstanding results in the design of high-performance decision support systems for the aforementioned areas. The future of digital dentistry goes through the design of integrated approaches providing personalized treatments to patients. In addition, esthetic dentistry can benefit from those advances by developing models allowing a complete characterization of tooth color, enhancing the accuracy of dental restorations. Clinical significance: The use of AI and ML has an increasing impact on the dental profession and is complementing the development of digital technologies and tools, with a wide application in treatment planning and esthetic dentistry procedures. 2021-12-16T09:50:05Z 2021-12-16T09:50:05Z 2021-11-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Carrillo-Perez, F... [et al.]. Applications of artificial intelligence in dentistry: A comprehensive review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021; 1- 22. doi:[10.1111/jerd.12844] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/72087 10.1111/jerd.12844 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España Wiley-Blackwell Publishing