The Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest on the Neurological Outcome and Survival—A Systematic Review of RCTs Published between 2016 and 2020 Colls Garrido, Christian Riquelme Gallego, Blanca Sánchez García, Juan Carlos Cortés Martín, Jonathan Montiel Troya, María Rodríguez Blanque, Raquel Induced hypothermia Cardiac arrest Survival rates Critical care Therapeutic hypothermia is a treatment used for patients who have suffered cardiorespiratory arrest and remain conscious after the recovery of spontaneous circulation. However, its effectiveness is controversial. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the scientific evidence available about the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on neurological status and survival in this type of patients. Methodology: A primary search in CINAHL, CUIDEN, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was carried out. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) published from 2016 to 2020 were selected. Results: 17 studies were selected for inclusion and most relevant data were extracted. Methodological quality was assessed by the RoB tool. Conclusions: Although therapeutic hypothermia is a safe technique with few adverse and manageable effects, it has not shown to improve survival rate and neurological status of adult nor pediatric patients. It is possible that its positive effect on neuroprotection could be achieved only by preventing hyperthermia although further investigation is needed. 2021-12-16T09:41:46Z 2021-12-16T09:41:46Z 2021-11-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Colls Garrido, C... [et al.]. The Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest on the Neurological Outcome and Survival—A Systematic Review of RCTs Published between 2016 and 2020. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11817. [https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211817] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/72086 10.3390/ijerph182211817 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución 3.0 España MDPI