Multimodal Emotion Recognition on RAVDESS Dataset Using Transfer Learning Luna Jiménez, Cristina Griol Barres, David Callejas Carrión, Zoraida Kleinlein, Ricardo Montero, Juan M. Fernández Martínez, Fernando Audio–visual emotion recognition Human-computer-interaction Computational paralinguistics Spatial transformers Transfer learning Speech emotion recognition Facial emotion recognition Emotion Recognition is attracting the attention of the research community due to the multiple areas where it can be applied, such as in healthcare or in road safety systems. In this paper, we propose a multimodal emotion recognition system that relies on speech and facial information. For the speech-based modality, we evaluated several transfer-learning techniques, more specifically, embedding extraction and Fine-Tuning. The best accuracy results were achieved when we fine-tuned the CNN-14 of the PANNs framework, confirming that the training was more robust when it did not start from scratch and the tasks were similar. Regarding the facial emotion recognizers, we propose a framework that consists of a pre-trained Spatial Transformer Network on saliency maps and facial images followed by a bi-LSTM with an attention mechanism. The error analysis reported that the frame-based systems could present some problems when they were used directly to solve a videobased task despite the domain adaptation, which opens a new line of research to discover new ways to correct this mismatch and take advantage of the embedded knowledge of these pre-trained models. Finally, from the combination of these two modalities with a late fusion strategy, we achieved 80.08% accuracy on the RAVDESS dataset on a subject-wise 5-CV evaluation, classifying eight emotions. The results revealed that these modalities carry relevant information to detect users’ emotional state and their combination enables improvement of system performance. 2021-11-19T08:40:57Z 2021-11-19T08:40:57Z 2021 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Luna-Jiménez, C.; Griol, D.; Callejas, Z.; Kleinlein, R.; Montero, J.M.; Fernández-Martínez, F. Multimodal Emotion Recognition on RAVDESS Dataset Using Transfer Learning. Sensors 2021, 21, 7665. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227665 http://hdl.handle.net/10481/71614 10.3390/s21227665 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución 3.0 España MDPI