Socrates in the fMRI Scanner: The Neurofoundations of Morality and the Challenge to Ethics Rueda Etxebarria, Jon Human morality Moral behavior Neuroethics Neuroscience of ethics Normative ethics The author would like to thank Ivar Hannikainen, Francisco Lara, and Belén Liedo for their helpful comments on the previous manuscript. He would also like to thank the funding ofan INPhINIT Retaining Fellowship ofthe La Caixa Foundation (grant number LCF/BQ/DR20/11790005). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada. The neuroscience of ethics is allegedly having a double impact. First, it is transforming the view of human morality through the discovery ofthe neurobiological underpinnings that influence moral behavior. Second, some neuroscientific findings are radically challenging traditional views on normative ethics. Both claims have some truth but are also overstated. In this article, the author shows that they can be understood together, although with different caveats, under the label of “neurofoundationalism.” Whereas the neuroscientific picture of human morality is undoubtedly valuable if we avoid neuroessentialistic portraits, the empirical disruption of normative ethics seems less plausible. The neuroscience of morality, however, is providing relevant evidence that any empirically informed ethical theory needs to critically consider. Although neuroethics is not going to bridge the is–ought divide, it may establish certain facts that require us to rethink the way we achieve our ethical aspirations. 2021-10-27T12:40:50Z 2021-10-27T12:40:50Z 2021-10-27 journal article Rueda, J. (2021). Socrates in the fMRI Scanner: The Neurofoundations of Morality and the Challenge to Ethics. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 30 (4), 606-612. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180121000074 http://hdl.handle.net/10481/71144 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180121000074 eng 30 (4), 606-612; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es/ open access Atribución-CompartirIgual 3.0 España Cambridge University Press