Anti-inflammatory activities of Italian Chestnut and Eucalyptus honeys on murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Navarro Hortal, María Dolores Esteban Muñoz, Adelaida Quiles Morales, José Luis Honey Inflammation Mitochondrial respiration Apoptosis Wound healing Antioxidant enzymes Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernandez is supported by a "Juan de la CiervaFormacion" post-doctoral contract. APROCAL provided the honeys used in this study. A grant from Regione Calabria and APROCAL supported the study. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the anti-inflammatory effects of chestnut (Castanea sativa) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus occidentalis) honeys collected in Italy on murine RAW 264.7 macrophages stressed with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pre-treatment with the two honeys markedly decreased apoptosis and stimulated wound healing in macrophages stressed with LPS, where they also reduced the intracellular levels of ROS and nitrite. Additionally, treatment with LPS decreased the levels of glutathione and suppressed the antioxidant enzyme activities, which were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the presence of the two honeys, through the modulation of Nrf2 expression; in LPS-stressed macrophages, Chestnut or Eucalyptus honeys protected against inflammation by regulating the main inflammatory biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-10 and iNOS, through the decrease of NF-KB expression. Finally, they improved mitochondrial respiration and the main related parameters. 2021-10-22T09:13:47Z 2021-10-22T09:13:47Z 2021-12 journal article D. Cianciosi et al. Anti-inflammatory activities of Italian Chestnut and Eucalyptus honeys on murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Functional Foods 87 (2021) 104752. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104752] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/71045 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104752 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ open access Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España Elsevier