Generation and Evaluation of Novel Biomaterials Based on Decellularized Sturgeon Cartilage for Use in Tissue Engineering Ortiz Arrabal, Olimpia Carmona Martos, Ramón García García, Óscar Darío Chato Astrain, Jesús Sánchez Porras, David Domezaín Fau, Alberto Oruezabal, Roke Iñaki Carriel Araya, Víctor Campos Muñoz, Antonio Jesús Cartilage Tissue engineering Sturgeon Decellularization Because cartilage has limited regenerative capability, a fully efficient advanced therapy medicinal product is needed to treat severe cartilage damage. We evaluated a novel biomaterial obtained by decellularizing sturgeon chondral endoskeleton tissue for use in cartilage tissue engineering. In silico analysis suggested high homology between human and sturgeon collagen proteins, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography confirmed that both types of cartilage consisted mainly of the same amino acids. Decellularized sturgeon cartilage was recellularized with human chondrocytes and four types of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their suitability for generating a cartilage substitute was assessed ex vivo and in vivo. The results supported the biocompatibility of the novel scaffold, as well as its ability to sustain cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. In vivo assays showed that the MSC cells in grafted cartilage disks were biosynthetically active and able to remodel the extracellular matrix of cartilage substitutes, with the production of type II collagen and other relevant components, especially when adipose tissue MSC were used. In addition, these cartilage substitutes triggered a pro-regenerative reaction mediated by CD206- positive M2 macrophages. These preliminary results warrant further research to characterize in greater detail the potential clinical translation of these novel cartilage substitutes. 2021-07-06T11:28:06Z 2021-07-06T11:28:06Z 2021 journal article Ortiz-Arrabal, O.; Carmona, R.; García-García, Ó.D.; Chato-Astrain, J.; Sánchez-Porras, D.; Domezain, A.; Oruezabal, R.I.; Carriel, V.; Campos, A.; Alaminos, M. Generation and Evaluation of Novel Biomaterials Based on Decellularized Sturgeon Cartilage for Use in Tissue Engineering. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 775. https://doi. org/10.3390/biomedicines9070775 http://hdl.handle.net/10481/69552 10.3390/biomedicines9070775 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ open access Atribución 3.0 España MDPI