In Patients With Obesity, the Number of Adipose Tissue Mast Cells Is Significantly Lower in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes López Pérez, David Redruello Romero, Anais García Rubio, Jesús Arana, Carlos García Escudero, Luis A. Tamayo, Francisco Puentes Pardo, José David Moreno San Juan, Sara Salmerón Escobar, Francisco Javier Blanco Morón, Armando Gálvez Peralta, Julio Juan León López, Josefa Carazo Gallego, Ángel Mast cell T2D Adipose tissue Obesity Flow cytometry Angiogenesis Inflammation Adipogenesis This work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant PI15/01361), Spain; and MINECO (grant DPI2017-84439-R), Madrid and FEDER. DL-P is a predoctoral fellow ("Programa de doctorado en Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular", B16.56.1) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (" Formacion de profesorado universitario" grant FPU18/ 04432). DL-P participated in this work thanks to a grant from University of Granada ("Becas de iniciacion a la investigacion del plan propio de la UGR"). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a rising global health problem mainly caused by obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. In healthy individuals, white adipose tissue (WAT) has a relevant homeostatic role in glucose metabolism, energy storage, and endocrine signaling. Mast cells contribute to these functions promoting WAT angiogenesis and adipogenesis. In patients with T2D, inflammation dramatically impacts WAT functioning, which results in the recruitment of several leukocytes, including monocytes, that enhance this inflammation. Accordingly, the macrophages population rises as the WAT inflammation increases during the T2D status worsening. Since mast cell progenitors cannot arrive at WAT, the amount of WAT mast cells depends on how the new microenvironment affects progenitor and differentiated mast cells. Here, we employed a flow cytometry-based approach to analyze the number of mast cells from omental white adipose tissue (o-WAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (s-WAT) in a cohort of 100 patients with obesity. Additionally, we measured the number of mast cell progenitors in a subcohort of 15 patients. The cohort was divided in three groups: non-T2D, pre-T2D, and T2D. Importantly, patients with T2D have a mild condition (HbA1c <7%). The number of mast cells and mast cell progenitors was lower in patients with T2D in both o-WAT and s-WAT in comparison to subjects from the pre-T2D and non-T2D groups. In the case of mast cells in o-WAT, there were statistically significant differences between non-T2D and T2D groups (p = 0.0031), together with pre-T2D and T2D groups (p=0.0097). However, in s-WAT, the differences are only between non-T2D and T2D groups (p=0.047). These differences have been obtained with patients with a mild T2D condition. Therefore, little changes in T2D status have a huge impact on the number of mast cells in WAT, especially in o-WAT. Due to the importance of mast cells in WAT physiology, their decrease can reduce the capacity of WAT, especially o-WAT, to store lipids and cause hypoxic cell deaths that will trigger inflammation. 2021-06-23T11:23:26Z 2021-06-23T11:23:26Z 2021-05-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Lopez-Perez D... [et al.] (2021) In Patients With Obesity, the Number of Adipose Tissue Mast Cells Is Significantly Lower in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. Front. Immunol. 12:664576. doi: [10.3389/fimmu.2021.664576] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/69363 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664576 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución 3.0 España Frontiers Research Foundation