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      <dc:title>Pension funds: guarantors of international legality in Western Sahara? Evidence from Norway and Sweden</dc:title>
      <dc:creator>López Ruiz, Samara</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Grande Gascón, María Luisa</dc:creator>
      <dc:subject>Western Sahara</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Pension funds</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Natural resources</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>International law</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ethical business</dc:subject>
      <dc:description>Natural resources have been defined by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Polisario Front, and a number of non-governmental organisations not only as an essential part of the Western Sahara conflict, but also as a battlefield that has attracted the interest of the international community. This article explores how the ethical trade guidelines of two large institutional investors - the Norwegian and Swedish pension funds - have affected the behaviour of companies that export and exploit the natural resources of Western Sahara. The results of applying a triad-network model suggest that as pension funds have more instruments of influence, their strategy becomes more effective. Moreover, investments that follow ethical trade guidelines play a key role in pressuring companies to modify objectionable behaviours.</dc:description>
      <dc:date>2021-06-01T06:58:12Z</dc:date>
      <dc:date>2021-06-01T06:58:12Z</dc:date>
      <dc:date>2021-04-21</dc:date>
      <dc:type>journal article</dc:type>
      <dc:identifier>Samara López-Ruiz &amp; Maria Luisa Grande-Gascón (2021): Pension funds: guarantors of international legality in Western Sahara? Evidence from Norway and Sweden, The Journal of North African Studies, DOI: [10.1080/13629387.2021.1917123]</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/10481/68948</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>10.1080/13629387.2021.1917123</dc:identifier>
      <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
      <dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>open access</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España</dc:rights>
      <dc:publisher>Routledge</dc:publisher>
   </ow:Publication>
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