Hyaluronic acid reduces inflammation and crevicular fluid IL-1β concentrations in peri-implantitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial Sánchez Fernández, Elena Magán Fernández, Antonio O'Valle Ravassa, Francisco Javier Bravo Pérez, Manuel Mesa Aguado, Francisco Luis Clinical trials Dental implants Hyaluronic acid Peri-implantitis Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03157193 The authors are grateful to Richard Davies for editorial assistance. This study was supported by Ricerfarma srl. (Milan, Italy) in collaboration with Research Group #CTS 583 (Junta de Andalucia, Spain) (reference: OTRI-3300). The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest, either directly or indirectly, with any of the companies or products listed in the study. Purpose This study investigated the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) on peri-implant clinical variables and crevicular concentrations of the proinflammatory biomarkers interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in patients with peri-implantitis. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted in peri-implantitis patients. Patients were randomized to receive a 0.8% HA gel (test group), an excipient-based gel (control group 1), or no gel (control group 2). Clinical periodontal variables and marginal bone loss after 0, 45, and 90 days of treatment were assessed. IL-1β and TNF-α levels in crevicular fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays at baseline and after 45 days of treatment. Clustering analysis was performed, considering the possibility of multiple implants in a single patient. Results Sixty-one patients with 100 dental implants were assigned to the test group, control group 1, or control group 2. Probing pocket depth (PPD) was significantly lower in the test group than in both control groups at 45 days (control 1: 95% CI, −1.66, −0.40 mm; control 2: 95% CI, −1.07, −0.01 mm) and 90 days (control 1: 95% CI, −1.72, −0.54 mm; control 2: 95% CI, −1.13, −0.15 mm). There was a trend towards less bleeding on probing in the test group than in control group 2 at 90 days (P=0.07). Implants with a PPD ≥5 mm showed higher levels of IL-1β in the control group 2 at 45 days than in the test group (P=0.04). Conclusions This study demonstrates for the first time that the topical application of a HA gel in the peri-implant pocket and around implants with peri-implantitis may reduce inflammation and crevicular fluid IL-1β levels. 2021-03-25T11:04:45Z 2021-03-25T11:04:45Z 2021-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Sánchez-Fernández E, Magán-Fernández A, O'Valle F, Bravo M, Mesa F. Hyaluronic acid reduces inflammation and crevicular fluid IL-1β concentrations in peri-implantitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2021 Feb;51(1):63-74. [https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.1903660183] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/67703 10.5051/jpis.1903660183 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución-NoComercial 3.0 España Korean Academy of Periodontology