Exosomes: Their Role in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases Aheget, Houssam Mazini, Loubna Martín Molina, Francisco Belqat, Boutaïna Marchal Corrales, Juan Antonio Benabdellah, Karim Exosomes Molecular composition Cancer pathogenesis Diagnostic Therapeutics This study was funded by the Spanish ISCIII Health Research Fund and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through research grants PI12/01097, PI15/02015, PI18/00337 (F.M.), PIE16-00045 (J.A.M.), DTS19/00145 (J.A.M.) and PI18/00330 (K.B.). The study was also supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU, RTI2018-101309-B-C22, FEDER funds), by the Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucia (SOMM17/6109/UGR, FEDER Funds), the Chair of "Doctors Galera-Requena in cancer stem cell research" (CMC-CTS963) and the Junta de Andalucia Health and Families Department (CARTPI-0001-201). The CECEyU and CSyF of the Junta de Andalucia FEDER/European Cohesion Fund (FSE) provided the following research grants: 2016000073391-TRA, 2016000073332-TRA, PI57069 and PAIDI-Bio326 (F.M.) and PI-0014-2016 (K.B.). K.B. was also on a Nicolas Monardes Regional Ministry of Health contract (0006/2018). H.A. held a Research Excellence PhD Fellowship (2UAE2020) from the National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST). L.M. was supported by the Mohammed VI Polytechnic University of Morocco. Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding authors. Exosomes are lipid bilayer particles released from cells into their surrounding environment. These vesicles are mediators of near and long-distance intercellular communication and affect various aspects of cell biology. In addition to their biological function, they play an increasingly important role both in diagnosis and as therapeutic agents. In this paper, we review recent literature related to the molecular composition of exosomes, paying special attention to their role in pathogenesis, along with their application as biomarkers and as therapeutic tools. In this context, we analyze the potential use of exosomes in biomedicine, as well as the limitations that preclude their wider application. Simple Summary: The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current scientific evidence concerning the role played by exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The potential use of exosomes as delivery vectors for small-molecule therapeutic agents will be discussed. In addition, a special emphasis will be placed on the involvement of exosomes in oncological diseases, as well as to their potential therapeutic application as liquid biopsy tools mainly in cancer diagnosis. A better understanding of exosome biology could improve the results of clinical interventions using exosomes as therapeutic agents. 2021-02-17T11:24:22Z 2021-02-17T11:24:22Z 2020-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Aheget, H.; Mazini, L.; Martin, F.; Belqat, B.; Marchal, J.A.; Benabdellah, K. Exosomes: Their Role in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases. Cancers 2021, 13, 84. [https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13010084] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/66632 10.3390/cancers13010084 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución 3.0 España MDPI