A radiobiological study of the schemes with a low number of fractions in high-dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy for prostate cancer Guirado Llorente, Damián Ruiz-Arrebola, Samuel Tornero-López, Ana M. de la Vega, Jose M. Prada, Pedro J. Lallena Rojo, Antonio Miguel HDR brachytherapy Prostate cancer Monotherapy Purpose Schemes with high doses per fraction and small number of fractions are commonly used in high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) for prostate cancer. Our aim was to analyze the differences between published clinical results and the predictions of radiobiological models for absorbed dose required in a single fraction monotherapy HDR-BT. Material and methods Published HDR-BT clinical results for low- and intermediate-risk patients with prostate cancer were revised. For 13 clinical studies with 16 fractionation schedules between 1 and 9 fractions, a dose-response relation in terms of the biochemical control probability (BC) was established using Monte Carlo-based statistical methods. Results We obtained a value of α/β = 22.8 Gy (15.1-60.2 Gy) (95% CI) much larger than the values in the range 1.5-3.0 Gy that are usually considered to compare the results of different fractionation schemes in prostate cancer radiotherapy using doses per fraction below 6 Gy. The doses in a single fraction producing BC = 90% and 95% were 22.3 Gy (21.5-24.2 Gy) and 24.3 Gy (23.0-27.9 Gy), respectively. Conclusions The α/β obtained in our analysis of 22.8 Gy for a range of dose per fraction between 6 and 20.5 Gy was much greater than the one currently estimated for prostate cancer using low doses per fraction. This high value of α/β explains reasonably well the data available in the region of high doses per fraction considered. 2020-06-03T08:11:14Z 2020-06-03T08:11:14Z 2020-04-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Damián Guirado, Samuel Ruiz-Arrebola, Ana M. Tornero-López, et al. A radiobiological study of the schemes with a low number of fractions in high-dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy for prostate cancer. J Contemp Brachytherapy. 2020;12(2):193‐200. [doi:10.5114/jcb.2020.94492] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/62341 10.5114/jcb.2020.94492 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 España Termedia Publishing