Concentrations of bisphenol A and parabens in socks for infants and young children in Spain and their hormone-like activities Freire, Carmen Molina-Molina, José-Manuel Iribarne Durán, Luz María Jiménez Díaz, Inmaculada Vela Soria, Fernando Mustieles Miralles, Vicente Arrebola Moreno, Juan Pedro Fernández Cabrera, Mariana Fátima Artacho Cordón, Francisco Olea Serrano, Nicolás Bisphenol A (BPA) Dermal exposure Parabens Children E-Screen Background: Little information is available on the content of bisphenol A (BPA) and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as parabens in infant textiles and clothes. Objectives: 1) To determine the concentrations of BPA and parabens in socks for infants and young children purchased in Spain, 2) to assess the (anti-)estrogenicity and (anti-)androgenicity of extracts from the socks, and 3) to estimate dermal exposure doses to these chemicals. Methods: Thirty-two pairs of socks for infants and young children (1–48 months) were purchased from 3 stores in Granada (Spain). Textile material was cut from the foot, toe, and leg of each sock (n=96 samples) for chemical analysis. Hormone-like activities were determined in foot sections (n=32 samples) by using the E-Screen assay for (anti-)estrogenicity and PALM luciferase assay for (anti-)androgenicity. Results: BPA was present in 90.6% of samples at concentrations ranging from<0.70 to 3736 ng/g. BPA levels were around 25-fold higher in socks from store 1, which had a higher cotton content compared to stores 2 and 3. Ethyl-paraben was found in 100% of samples, followed by methyl-paraben (81.0%), and propyl-paraben (43.7%). No butyl-paraben was detected in any sample. Estrogenic activity was detected in 83.3% of socks from store 1 (range=48.2–6051 pM E2eq/g) but in only three socks from stores 2 and 3. Anti-androgenic activity was detected in six of the 32 socks studied (range=94.4–2989 μM Proceq/g), all from store 1. Estimated dermal exposure to BPA was higher from socks for children aged 36–48 months (median=17.6 pg/kg/day), and dermal exposure to parabens was higher from socks for children aged 24–36 months (median=0.60 pg/kg/day). Discussion: This is the first report in Europe on the wide presence of BPA and parabens in socks marketed for infants and children. BPA appears to contribute to the hormone-like activity observed in sock extracts. 2020-05-07T09:55:05Z 2020-05-07T09:55:05Z 2019-04-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Freire, C., Molina-Molina, J. M., Iribarne-Durán, L. M., Jiménez-Díaz, I., Vela-Soria, F., Mustieles, V., ... & Olea, N. (2019). Concentrations of bisphenol A and parabens in socks for infants and young children in Spain and their hormone-like activities. Environment international, 127, 592-600. http://hdl.handle.net/10481/61864 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.013 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España Elsevier Inc.