Reconstruction of a Segment of the UNESCO World Heritage Hadrian’s Villa Tunnel Network by Integrated GPR, Magnetic–Paleomagnetic, and Electric Resistivity Prospections Ghezzi, Annalisa Schettino, Erwin Archaeological geophysics Magnetic methods Ground-penetrating Radar (GPR) Tunnel detection Data integration The authors are grateful to the Director of the Villa Adriana and Villa d’Este, Andrea Bruciati, for kindly allowing us to survey the archaeological area and to Benedetta Adembri for facilitating the research on site. We are also grateful to Francesco Ferruti and the students that helped us in the data acquisition. Finally, we thank Alessandro Bertani for his help in the acquisition and formal analysis of aerial photogrammetry data. This paper also benefited from four accurate reviews that allowed us to improve the manuscript. The following are available online at https://zenodo.org/record/3351757#.XVIUHdIRWUl, Figure S1: Local reference frames used for the acquisition of GPR data, Figure S2: UAV orthophoto of the study area (Plutonium−Inferi complex) with indication of the excavated areas, Tables S1–S13: Relevant migrated and unmigrated GPR profiles for areas 1 through 13, Table S10A, transversal migrated and unmigrated GPR profiles for Areas 10. Hadrian’s Villa is an ancient Roman archaeological site built over an ignimbritic tuff and characterized by abundant iron oxides, strong remnant magnetization, and elevated magnetic susceptibility. These properties account for the high-amplitude magnetic anomalies observed in this site and were used as a primary tool to detect deep archaeological features consisting of air-filled and soil-filled cavities of the tuff. An integrated magnetic, paleomagnetic, radar, and electric resistivity survey was performed in the Plutonium-Inferi sector of Hadrian’s Villa to outline a segment of the underground system of tunnels that link different zones of the villa. A preliminary paleomagnetic analysis of the bedrock unit and a high-resolution topographic survey by aerial photogrammetry allowed us to perform a computer-assisted modelling of the observed magnetic anomalies, with respect to the archaeological sources. The intrinsic ambiguity of this procedure was reduced through the analysis of ground penetrating radar and electric resistivity profiles, while a comprehensive picture of the buried archaeological features was built by integration of the magnetization model with radar amplitude maps. The final subsurface model of the Plutonium-Inferi complex shows that the observed anomalies are mostly due to the presence of tunnels, skylights, and a system of ditches excavated in the tuff. 2020-04-21T11:51:32Z 2020-04-21T11:51:32Z 2019-07-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Ghezzi, A.; Schettino, A.; Pierantoni, P.P.; Conyers, L.; Tassi, L.; Vigliotti, L.; Schettino, E.; Melfi, M.; Gorrini, M.E.; Boila, P. Reconstruction of a Segment of the UNESCO World Heritage Hadrian’s Villa Tunnel Network by Integrated GPR, Magnetic–Paleomagnetic, and Electric Resistivity Prospections. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 1739. [doi:10.3390/rs11151739] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/61405 10.3390/rs11151739 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución 3.0 España MDPI