Lactobacillus reuteri V3401 Reduces Inflammatory Biomarkers and Modifies the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: The PROSIR Study Tenorio-Jiménez, Carmen Camacho Páez, José Chueca-Porcuna, Natalia García, Federico García, Federico Olza Meneses, Josune Plaza Díaz, Julio Fontana Gallego, Luis Olivares Martín, Mónica Gil Hernández, Ángel Gómez Llorente, Carolina Metabolic syndrome Gastrointestinal microbiome Lactobacillus reuteri V3401 Probiotics Obesity The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/8/1761/s1: Figure S1, Rarefaction curves; Figure S2, Alpha diversity measured by means of the Shannon index (H); Figure S3, Bacterial beta diversity; Table S1, Gastrointestinal microbiome normalized data This paper will be part of Carmen Tenorio Jimenez’s doctorate, which is being completed as part of Programa de Doctorado en Seguridad de los Alimentos at the University of Jaén, Spain. We also wish to thank all the participants who generously contributed to the study. Previous studies have reported that probiotics may improve clinical and inflammatory parameters in patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri V3401 has shown promising results on the components of MetS in animal studies. We aimed to evaluate the effects of L. reuteri V3401 together with healthy lifestyle recommendations on adult patients with MetS. Methods: We carried out a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled, single-center trial in which we included 53 adult patients newly diagnosed with MetS. Patients were block randomly allocated by body mass index (BMI) and sex to receive a capsule containing either the probiotic L. reuteri V3401 (5 × 109 colony-forming units) or a placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Anthropometric variables, biochemical and inflammatory biomarkers, as well as the gastrointestinal microbiome composition were determined. Results: There were no differences between groups in the clinical characteristics of MetS. However, we found that interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) diminished by effect of the treatment with L. reuteri V3401. Analysis of the gastrointestinal microbiome revealed a rise in the proportion of Verrucomicrobia. Conclusions: Consumption of L. reuteri V3401 improved selected inflammatory parameters and modified the gastrointestinal microbiome. Further studies are needed to ascertain additional beneficial effects of other probiotic strains in MetS as well as the mechanisms by which such effects are exerted. 2020-03-30T09:34:30Z 2020-03-30T09:34:30Z 2019-07-31 journal article Tenorio-Jiménez, C.; Martínez-Ramírez, M.J.; Del Castillo-Codes, I.; Arraiza-Irigoyen, C.; Tercero-Lozano, M.; Camacho, J.; Chueca, N.; García, F.; Olza, J.; Plaza-Díaz, J.; Fontana, L.; Olivares, M.; Gil, Á.; Gómez-Llorente, C. Lactobacillus reuteri V3401 Reduces Inflammatory Biomarkers and Modifies the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: The PROSIR Study. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1761. [doi:10.3390/nu11081761] http://hdl.handle.net/10481/60790 10.3390/nu11081761 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ open access Atribución 3.0 España MDPI