Maternal seafood intake and the risk of small for gestational age newborns: a case–control study in Spanish women Amezcua Prieto, María Del Carmen Martínez Galiano, Juan Miguel Salcedo Bellido, Inmaculada Olmedo Requena, María Rocío Bueno Cavanillas, Aurora Delgado Rodríguez, Miguel Objective To investigate the relationship between seafood consumption during pregnancy and the risk of delivering a small for gestational age (SGA) newborn. Design This case–control study included women with SGA newborns and controls matched 1:1 for maternal age (±2 years) and hospital. Setting Five hospitals in Eastern Andalusia, Spain. Participants 518 pairs of pregnant Spanish women. The SGA group included women who delivered SGA newborns: SGA was defined as a birth weight below the 10th percentile of infants at a given gestational age. Controls were women who delivered newborns with adequate birth weights. Interventions We collected data on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, toxic habits and diet. Midwives administered a 137-item Food Frequency Questionnaire. Outcome measures We calculated quintiles of seafood intake and applied conditional logistic regression to estimate ORs and 95% CIs. Results Shellfish intake more than once/week yielded a significant protective effect against an SGA newborn (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.76, after adjusting for energy, educational level, smoking, prepregnancy body mass index, weight and a history of preterm or low birthweight newborn). The risk of an SGA newborn was lower among women who consumed >29 g/day fish compared with women who consumed ≤8 g (adjusted OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.98; p=0.025 for a trend). Similarly, the risk of an SGA newborn was lower among women who consumed >1 g/day of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids compared with those who consumed ≤0.4 g/day (adjusted OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.90; p=0.025 for a trend). Conclusion An average seafood intake of at least 29 g/ day during pregnancy, equivalent to 2–3 servings/week, reduced the risk of an SGA newborn, compared with an average seafood intake of less than 8 g/day. 2019-11-08T10:00:03Z 2019-11-08T10:00:03Z 2018 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Amezcua-Prieto C, Martínez-Galiano JM, Salcedo- Bellido I, et al. Maternal seafood intake and the risk of small for gestational age newborns: a case–control study in Spanish women. BMJ Open 2018;8:e020424. http://hdl.handle.net/10481/57770 10.1136/ bmjopen-2017-020424 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución-NoComercial 3.0 España BMJ