<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/rdf/" xmlns:ow="http://www.ontoweb.org/ontology/1#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ds="http://dspace.org/ds/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/rdf/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/rdf.xsd">
   <ow:Publication rdf:about="oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/55653">
      <dc:title>Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins</dc:title>
      <dc:creator>Mantzouki, Evanthia</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pérez-Martínez, Carmen</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ramos Rodríguez, Eloisa</dc:creator>
      <dc:subject>Microcystin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Anatoxin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Cylindrospermopsin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Temperature</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Direct effects</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Indirect effects</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spatial distribution</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>European Multi Lake Survey</dc:subject>
      <dc:description>Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of&#xd;
cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on&#xd;
hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g.,&#xd;
anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine&#xd;
the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients,&#xd;
temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect&#xd;
of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale.&#xd;
Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins&#xd;
produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized&#xd;
linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased&#xd;
with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants&#xd;
such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR.&#xd;
While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will&#xd;
drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection&#xd;
of a few highly toxic species or strains.</dc:description>
      <dc:date>2019-05-07T12:54:43Z</dc:date>
      <dc:date>2019-05-07T12:54:43Z</dc:date>
      <dc:date>2018-04-13</dc:date>
      <dc:type>journal article</dc:type>
      <dc:identifier>Mantzouki, E. et. al. Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins. Toxins 2018, 10, 156 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10040156]</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/10481/55653</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>10.3390/toxins10040156</dc:identifier>
      <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
      <dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>open access</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>Atribución 3.0 España</dc:rights>
      <dc:publisher>MDPI</dc:publisher>
   </ow:Publication>
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