Accumulation of scandium in plasma in patients with chronic renal failure Sánchez-González, Cristina López-Chaves, Carlos Rivas-García, Lorenzo Galindo, Pilar Gómez-Aracena, Jorge Aranda Ramírez, Pilar Llopis González, Juan Binding Scandium Renal failure Scandium (Sc) is an element with many industrial applications, but relatively little is known about its physiological and/or toxicological effects, and very little data are available concerning the role of Sc in chronic renal failure (CRF). This paper examines the changes in plasma levels of Sc in predialysis patients with CRF and the relationship with blood parameters. The participants in this trial were 48 patients with CRF in predialysis and 53 healthy controls. Erythrocyte, haemoglobin, and haematocrit counts in blood were determined, and levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, albumin, total protein and Sc were measured in plasma. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault index. The CRF patients were found to have higher plasma levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, albumin, total protein, and Sc and a lower GFR than that the controls. Scandium in plasma was positively correlated with creatinine and plasma urea and negatively correlated with GFR, haemoglobin, and haematocrit and was associated with the risk of lower levels of erythrocytes, haemoglobin, and haematocrit. CRF was associated with increases in the circulating levels of scandium. 2014-05-30T12:05:24Z 2014-05-30T12:05:24Z 2013 journal article Sánchez-González, C.; et al. Accumulation of scandium in plasma in patients with chronic renal failure. Scientific World Journal, 2013: 782745 (2013). [http://hdl.handle.net/10481/32052] 1537-744X http://hdl.handle.net/10481/32052 10.1155/2013/782745 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ open access Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License Hindawi Publishing Corporation