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   <ow:Publication rdf:about="oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/110623">
      <dc:title>Educational intervention program based on competitive play for developing self-esteem and resilience among 2nd grade students</dc:title>
      <dc:creator>Dunca, Cristina</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Turda, Emanuel-Sebastian</dc:creator>
      <dc:subject>Competitive play</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Educational intervention program</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Primary school students</dc:subject>
      <dc:description>In an increasingly complex and fast-paced world, where academic and social pressures can profoundly&#xd;
affect children's development, resilience becomes a pillar of long-term success. Competition is a natural part&#xd;
of life. Whether on the playground, in the classroom, or later in the workplace, children will encounter&#xd;
challenges that test their abilities and drive. A healthy competitive spirit can motivate children to try their&#xd;
best, build resilience and develop goal-setting skills. But when not balanced with empathy, respect and fair&#xd;
play, competition can lead to stress, exclusion, or even conflict.&#xd;
Resilience does not mean removing the negative, but expanding our vision of the negative to give it&#xd;
meaning, assimilating and allowing for greater focus on what matters, on what is necessary to sustain a&#xd;
continuous course towards a desired and meaningful outcome. Building a resilient environment in schools&#xd;
is fundamentally based on ensuring that adults provide a safe and nurturing environment.&#xd;
The aim of this research was to develop, implement and test the effectiveness of an educational&#xd;
intervention program based on competitive play in order to develop self-esteem and resilience among&#xd;
second-grade students.&#xd;
Following the re-evaluation of the students participating in this research, the results showed&#xd;
improvements in both self-esteem and resilience. After calculating the effect size, the educational&#xd;
intervention program based on the competitive play demonstrated its effectiveness by obtaining a d between&#xd;
1.33 and 4.58, which means that the proposed educational intervention program had a very strong effect on&#xd;
the measured variables.</dc:description>
      <dc:date>2026-02-03T12:09:08Z</dc:date>
      <dc:date>2026-02-03T12:09:08Z</dc:date>
      <dc:date>2025</dc:date>
      <dc:type>journal article</dc:type>
      <dc:identifier>Dunca, C. y Turda, E. S. (2025). Educational intervention program based on competitive play for developing self-esteem and resilience among 2nd grade students. for Educators, Teachers and Trainers, Vol.16 (6) 279-301. DOI: 10.48047/jett.2025.16.06.13</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>1989-9572</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/10481/110623</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>10.48047/jett.2025.16.06.13</dc:identifier>
      <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
      <dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>open access</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional</dc:rights>
      <dc:publisher>Universidad de Granada</dc:publisher>
   </ow:Publication>
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