Context-dependent neural preparation for information relevance vs. probability González Peñalver, José María González-García, Carlos Palenciano Castro, Ana Francisca López-García, David Ruz, María Preparation Attention Expectation Preparation is a top-down phenomenon known to improve performance across different situations. In light of recent electrophysiological findings that suggest that anticipatory neural preactivations linked to preparation are contextspecific and do not generalize across domains, in the current study we used fMRI to investigate the brain regions involved in these differential patterns. We applied multivariate decoding to data obtained in a paradigm where, in different blocks, cues provided information about the relevance or probability of incoming target stimuli. Results showed that the anticipated stimulus category was preactivated in both conditions, mostly in different brain regions within the ventral visual cortex and with differential overlap with actual target perception. Crucially, there was scarce cross-classification across attention and expectation contexts except on a patch of the fusiform gyrus, indicating mostly differential neural coding of anticipated contents in relevance and probability scenarios. Finally, a model-based fMRI-EEG fusion showed that these regions differentially code for specific conditions during preparation, as well as specifically preparing for category anticipation in a ramping-up manner. Overall, our results stress the specificity of anticipatory neural processing depending on its informative role while highlighting a key hub of commonality in the fusiform gyrus. 2025-12-15T09:13:23Z 2025-12-15T09:13:23Z 2024-09-18 journal article José M.G. Peñalver, Carlos González-García, Ana F. Palenciano, David López-García, María Ruz; Context-dependent neural preparation for information relevance vs. probability. Imaging Neuroscience 2024; 2 imag–2–00302. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/imag_a_00302 https://hdl.handle.net/10481/108791 10.1162/imag_a_00302 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional MIT Press