<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/rdf/" xmlns:ow="http://www.ontoweb.org/ontology/1#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ds="http://dspace.org/ds/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/rdf/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/rdf.xsd">
   <ow:Publication rdf:about="oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/108194">
      <dc:title>Ionomic Profile and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Sunflower Plants Treated with Plant-Derived Biostimulant Rich in Trigonelline</dc:title>
      <dc:creator>Izquierdo Ramos, María José</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Atero Calvo, Santiago</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Navarro Morillo, Iván</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pérez-Millán, Rafael</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Blasco León, Begoña</dc:creator>
      <dc:subject>Trigonelline</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biostimulants</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nutrient use efficiency</dc:subject>
      <dc:description>In recent decades, the use of biostimulants has increased with the aim of creating an&#xd;
alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers and achieving sustainable agriculture. In this&#xd;
study, sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L. cv. neoma) were grown under controlled&#xd;
conditions, and four trigonelline-rich extracts were applied as biostimulants through&#xd;
root and foliar applications. The plant growth parameters, nutrient concentrations, root&#xd;
metabolic activity, and nutrient use efficiency were evaluated. The results showed that&#xd;
the foliar application of extract 4 significantly improved the aboveground biomass and&#xd;
leaf area compared with the control treatments, with values of 44.30 g FW and 680.22 cm2&#xd;
,&#xd;
respectively. Moreover, this extract enhanced nutrient accumulation. Meanwhile, foliar&#xd;
application of extract 3 improved macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations, as in&#xd;
the case of phosphorus, which increased by 74.2%, and iron, which increased by 107.3%.&#xd;
Root applications of extracts 3 and 4 increased apparent nutrient recovery, whereas foliar&#xd;
applications of extracts 3 and 4 improved internal nutrient use and productivity indices.&#xd;
Overall, the treatments showed no phytotoxicity and promoted growth, nutrient absorption,&#xd;
and nutrient use efficiency, with the best results observed in foliar treatments with high&#xd;
trigonelline content. These findings indicate that biostimulants with trigonelline-rich&#xd;
extracts could improve crop yield, reduce the use of fertilizer, and contribute to more&#xd;
sustainable agricultural systems.</dc:description>
      <dc:date>2025-11-21T11:54:54Z</dc:date>
      <dc:date>2025-11-21T11:54:54Z</dc:date>
      <dc:date>2025-11-04</dc:date>
      <dc:type>journal article</dc:type>
      <dc:identifier>Izquierdo-Ramos, M.J.; Atero-Calvo, S.; Navarro-Morillo, I.; Pérez-Millán, R.; Blasco, B. Ionomic Profile and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Sunflower Plants Treated with Plant-Derived Biostimulant Rich in Trigonelline. Agronomy 2025, 15, 2556. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15112556</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/10481/108194</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>10.3390/agronomy15112556</dc:identifier>
      <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
      <dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>open access</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>Atribución 4.0 Internacional</dc:rights>
      <dc:publisher>MDPI</dc:publisher>
   </ow:Publication>
</rdf:RDF>