The XLZD Design Book: towards the next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics Aalbers, J. XLZD Collaboration Sánchez Lucas, Patricia This report describes the experimental strategy and technologies for XLZD, the next-generation xenon observatory sensitive to dark matter and neutrino physics. In the baseline design, the detector will have an active liquid xenon target of 60 tonnes, which could be increased to 80 tonnes if the market conditions for xenon are favorable. It is based on the mature liquid xenon time projection chamber technology used in current-generation experiments, LZ and XENONnT. The report discusses the baseline design and opportunities for further optimization of the individual detector components. The experiment envisaged here has the capability to explore parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter down to the neutrino fog, with a 3σ evidence potential for WIMP-nucleon cross sections as low as 3×10−49 cm2 (at 40 GeV/c2 WIMP mass). The observatory will also have leading sensitivity to a wide range of alternative dark matter models. It is projected to have a 3σ observation potential of neutrinoless double beta decay of 136Xe at a half-life of up to 5.7 × 1027 years. Additionally, it is sensitive to astrophysical neutrinos from the sun and galactic supernovae. 2025-11-07T10:35:55Z 2025-11-07T10:35:55Z 2025-10-23 journal article XLZD Collaboration., Aalbers, J., Abe, K. et al. The XLZD Design Book: towards the next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics. Eur. Phys. J. C 85, 1192 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14810-w https://hdl.handle.net/10481/107829 10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14810-w eng info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ERC/H2020/101055063 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/H2020/724320 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/H2020/101020842 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/H2020/MSC/860881-HIDDeN info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EU/PRTR/PID2020-118758GB-I00 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EU/PRTR/CNS2022-135716 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EU/PRTR/CN00000013 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional Springer