Bioconcentration of pharmaceuticals in benthic marine organisms (Holothuria tubulosa, Anemonia sulcata and Actinia equina) exposed to environmental contamination by atenolol and carbamazepine Gómez-Regalado, Maria del Carmen Martín, Julia Hidalgo Puertas, Félix Santos, Juan Luis Aparicio, Irene Alonso, Esteban Zafra Gómez, Alberto Atenolol Carbamazepine Up-take/Depuration Animal model Benthic organisms The present work assess the bioconcentration kinetics of atenolol (ATN) and carbamazepine (CBZ) in common marine organisms including Holothuria tubulosa, Anemonia sulcata and Actinia equina under controlled laboratory conditions. CBZ exhibited higher uptake and excretion rates resulting higher bioconcentration factor (BCF) (41-537 L/kg for CBZ vs 7-50 L/kg for ATN) although both are below the limits established by the European Union (EU). The measured BCF using kinetic data showed some differences with those predicted using the concentrations measured at the steady-state, probably explained because the steady state was not ready reached. The animal-specific BCF followed the order of Holothuria tubulosa > Actinia equina > Anemonia sulcata for ATN while was the opposite for CBZ. The study highlighted between-tissues differences in the digestive tract and the body wall of the Holothuria tubulosa. The work presented is the first to model bioconcentration of ATN and CBZ in holothurian and anemone animal models. 2025-10-28T08:17:19Z 2025-10-28T08:17:19Z 2023 journal article Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 100 (2023) 104147 https://hdl.handle.net/10481/107507 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2023.104147 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ open access Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional Elsevier