Topological protection breakdown: A route to frustrated ferroelectricity Falsi, Ludovica Villegas Góngora, Pablo Gili, Tommaso Agranat, A. J. DelRe, Eugenio Phases manifesting topological patterns in functional systems, like ferroelectric and ferromagnetic vortex superlattices, can manifest intricate and apparently ungovernable behavior, typical of frustrated nonergodic states with high-dimensional energy landscapes. This is also the case for potassium-tantalate-niobate (KTN) crystals. These transparent ferroelectrics manifest remarkable but little understood metastable domain patterns at optical (micrometer and above) scales near the cubic-to-tetragonal structural phase transition. Here, we formulate the topological breakdown model based on the competition between intrinsic scales of domain-domain collinear and noncollinear interactions associated with polarization-charge screening. The model is able to explain observed KTN mesoscopic domain patterns and phase diagram as a function of temperature and external electric field. Findings include a precise set of sharp and broad percolative transitions that are experimentally verified, validating our model. Our study identifies the central role played by competing topologically protected states, identifying a fundamental link between topological protection and frustration that supports a hitherto unexplored functional nonergodic arena. 2025-10-21T10:22:05Z 2025-10-21T10:22:05Z 2025-10-10 journal article Falsi, L., Villegas, P., Gili, T., Agranat, A. J., & DelRe, E. (2025). Topological protection breakdown: A route to frustrated ferroelectricity. Physical Review Research, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.1103/h6j7-cgwz https://hdl.handle.net/10481/107233 10.1103/h6j7-cgwz eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional American Physical Society