Global copper response of the soil bacterial predator Myxococcus xanthus and its contribution to antibiotic cross-resistance Marcos Torres, Francisco Javier Pérez Torres, Juana Torrens González, David García Pedrosa, Miguel Ángel Contreras Moreno, Francisco Javier Moraleda Muñoz, Aurelio Copper homeostasis Antibiotic co-resistance Bacterial predation Myxococcus xanthus Sinorhizobium meliloti Copper accumulation in agricultural soils poses environmental challenges by selecting copper-resistant bacteria and also contributing to the co-selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In addition, copper influences bacterial predator-prey interactions, potentially altering microbial ecosystems. Myxococcus xanthus, a soil-dwelling bacterium, preys on other microorganisms, including Sinorhizobium meliloti, a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with leguminous plants. The role of copper in M. xanthus interactions remains poorly understood, although it accumulates at the predator-prey interface. In this study, we explore the transcriptomic response of M. xanthus to copper stress in both monocultures and co-cultures with S. meliloti. Our analysis identified many myxobacterial copper-regulated transcripts, and studies on mutant strains in some copper-induced genes revealed the role of two efflux pumps in cross-resistance to copper and tetracyclines. These findings provide new insights into the adaptive mechanisms of M. xanthus in response to copper, with implications for the co-selection of antibiotic resistance and the broader impact of copper on microbial community dynamics in soil ecosystems. 2025-10-09T12:19:25Z 2025-10-09T12:19:25Z 2025-10-01 journal article Marcos-Torres FJ, Pérez J, Torrens-González D, García-Pedrosa MÁ, Contreras-Moreno FJ, Moraleda-Muñoz A. Global copper response of the soil bacterial predator Myxococcus xanthus and its contribution to antibiotic cross-resistance. Microbiol Res. 2025 Oct 1;302:128357. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2025.128357 https://hdl.handle.net/10481/106922 10.1016/j.micres.2025.128357 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ open access Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional Elsevier