Discovery of core genes for systemic lupus erythematosus via genome-wide aggregated trans-effects analysis Iakovliev, Andrii Castellini-Pérez, Olivia Erabadda, Buddhiprabha PRECISESADS Clinical Consortium, / Martín, Javier Barturen, Guillermo McKeigue, Paul M. Carnero Montoro, Elena Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E. Spiliopoulou, Athina The “omnigenic” hypothesis postulates that the polygenic effects of common variants on a typical complex trait coalesce on relatively few core genes through trans-effects on their expression. Our aim was to identify core genes for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by testing for association with genome-wide aggregated trans-effects (GATE) scores for gene expression in a large genetic dataset (5267/4909 SLE cases/controls). SLE was strongly associated with upregulation of expression of eight interferon-stimulated genes driven by shared trans-effects. We estimate that trans-effects on interferon signaling account for 9% of the total genetic effect on SLE risk. Outside this pathway, GATE analysis detected twenty putative core genes for SLE. Direct protein measurements for these genes were strongly associated with SLE in UK Biobank. Two putative core genes (TNFRSF17, TNFRSF13B) encode receptors (BCMA, TACI) expressed on B cells; their ligands (BAFF, APRIL) are targeted by drugs licensed or in development for SLE. Four genes (PDCD1, LAG3, TNFRSF9, CD27) encode receptors that have been characterized as immune checkpoints, and three (CD5L, SIGLEC1, CXCL13) are biomarkers of SLE disease activity. These results provide genetic support for existing drug targets in SLE (interferon signaling, BAFF/APRIL signaling) and identify other possible therapeutic targets including immune checkpoint receptors. 2025-10-06T10:16:00Z 2025-10-06T10:16:00Z 2025-09-03 journal article Iakovliev, A., Castellini-Pérez, O., Erabadda, B. et al. Discovery of core genes for systemic lupus erythematosus via genome-wide aggregated trans-effects analysis. Genes Immun (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41435-025-00352-4 https://hdl.handle.net/10481/106832 10.1038/s41435-025-00352-4 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional Springer