Nano-engineering of ketorolac tromethamine platforms for ocular treatment of inflammatory disorders Mallandrich, Mireia Calpena, Ana C. Clares Naveros, Beatriz Parra, Alexander García, María Luisa Soriano, José L. Fernández, Francisco anti-inflammatory efficacy Factorial design ketorolac tromethamine nanoparticles ocular administration Aim: The development and optimization of Ketorolac tromethamine-loadedpolylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (KT-NPs) for the treatment of inflammatory processes of the eye. Materials & methods: KT-NPs weredeveloped by factorial design and characterized by assessing theirphysicochemical properties. Biopharmaceutical behavior studies, oculartolerance, anti-inflammatory efficacy and bioavailability tests were performedon pigs. Results: Optimized KT-NPs of 112 nm, narrow distribution withencapsulation efficiency near 100% were obtained. KT release followed theWeibull model and there was significantly greater retention in the cornea andsclera than in the commercial reference. KT-NPs showed no signs of ocularirritancy and similar anti-inflammatory efficacy to the commercial reference. Conclusion: KT-NPs were a suitable alternative for the treatment ofinflammatory disorders of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye asan alternative to conventional topical formulations. 2025-09-30T11:47:28Z 2025-09-30T11:47:28Z 2021-02 journal article Mallandrich M, Calpena AC, Clares B, Parra A, García ML, Soriano JL, Fernández-Campos F. Nano-engineering of ketorolac tromethamine platforms for ocular treatment of inflammatory disorders. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2021 Feb;16(5):401-414. https://hdl.handle.net/10481/106724 10.2217/nnm-2020-0403 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ open access Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License Future Medicine