<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/rdf/" xmlns:ow="http://www.ontoweb.org/ontology/1#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ds="http://dspace.org/ds/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/rdf/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/rdf.xsd">
   <ow:Publication rdf:about="oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/106462">
      <dc:title>Extraction Methods of Emerging Pollutants in Sewage Sludge: A Comprehensive Review</dc:title>
      <dc:creator>Robledo-Mahón, Tatiana</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mercl, Filip</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sridhara Chary, Nallanthigal</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Száková, Jiřina</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tlustoš, Pavel</dc:creator>
      <dc:subject>Emerging pollutants</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sewage sludge</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Extraction methods</dc:subject>
      <dc:description>Sewage sludge (SS) is commonly applied as a soil amendment. This practice has raised concern about the dissemination of emerging pollutants (EPs). EPs include compounds such as&#xd;
flame retardants, plasticizers, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, among others,&#xd;
which may pose risks to human health and ecosystems. The complexity of the SS matrix,&#xd;
combined to the absence of an international legislation framework, makes it necessary to&#xd;
evaluate the techniques available for detecting these contaminants. Detection is typically&#xd;
performed using sensitive analytical techniques; however, the extraction strategy selected&#xd;
remains a crucial step. This review aims to compile different methodologies for the determination of EPs in SS, focusing on extraction strategies reported between 2010 and 2025.&#xd;
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and microwaveassisted extraction (MAE) are the most widely used strategies for EPs. UAE is considered&#xd;
the most preferable option, as it enables the extraction of a wide range of compounds&#xd;
without the need for expensive equipment. Among novel techniques, the quick, easy,&#xd;
cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method is especially promising, as it is&#xd;
applicable to multiple target compounds. This review provides up-to-date information&#xd;
that can support the development of routine and standardized methodologies for the&#xd;
characterization of EPs in SS.</dc:description>
      <dc:date>2025-09-19T08:12:17Z</dc:date>
      <dc:date>2025-09-19T08:12:17Z</dc:date>
      <dc:date>2025-08-05</dc:date>
      <dc:type>journal article</dc:type>
      <dc:identifier>Robledo-Mahón, T.; Mercl, F.; Chary, N.S.; Száková, J.; Tlustoš, P. Extraction Methods of Emerging Pollutants in Sewage Sludge: A Comprehensive Review. Toxics 2025, 13, 661. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080661</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/10481/106462</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>10.3390/toxics13080661</dc:identifier>
      <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
      <dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>open access</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>Atribución 4.0 Internacional</dc:rights>
      <dc:publisher>MDPI</dc:publisher>
   </ow:Publication>
</rdf:RDF>