Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Altered Body Composition in Obese Young Adults: A Case–Control Study Mohamed Mohamed, Himan Pardo Moreno, Teresa Jimenez-Palomares, Margarita Pérez Ardanaz, Bibiana Sánchez-Lara, Encarnación Vazquez-Lara, María D. de la Mata Fernández, Mario García-Morales, Victoria Ramos Rodríguez, Juan José Body Mass Index Diabetes glucose intolerance Insulin resistance Obesity Background/Objectives: To examine the association between body composition and glucose tolerance in young adults with normal weight, overweight, or obesity. Methods: This observational case–control study included 154 healthy individuals aged 18–25 years. Participants were categorized into three BMI-based groups and underwent anthropometric and body composition assessments using bioelectrical impedance. Glucose tolerance was evaluated via oral glucose tolerance testing, with capillary blood samples collected at baseline and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min post load. Results: Compared to the normal-weight group, overweight and obese individuals exhibited significantly higher body weight, BMI, visceral and total fat percentages, and reduced muscle mass. Obese participants also showed a significantly greater glucose area under the curve (AUC) and higher fasting and post-load glucose levels. Visceral fat was positively correlated with metabolic impairment. These results indicate a progressive decline in glucose tolerance associated with increasing adiposity and reduced lean mass. Conclusions: Young adults with elevated BMI already demonstrate marked alterations in body composition and impaired glucose tolerance, even in the absence of overt metabolic disease. These findings underscore the importance of the early identification of at-risk individuals using simple, non-invasive tools. Preventive strategies promoting healthy body composition in early adulthood may reduce the future risk of diabetes and its associated complications. 2025-09-05T07:44:00Z 2025-09-05T07:44:00Z 2025-06-26 journal article Mohamed-Mohamed, H.; Pardo-Moreno, T.; Jimenez-Palomares, M.; Perez-Ardanaz, B.; Sánchez-Lara, E.M.; Vazquez-Lara, M.D.; de La Mata-Fernandez, M.; García-Morales, V.; Ramos-Rodríguez, J.J. Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Altered Body Composition in Obese Young Adults: A Case–Control Study. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 1569. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071569 https://hdl.handle.net/10481/106077 10.3390/biomedicines13071569 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional MDPI