Comprehensive Analysis of Mycotoxins in Green Coffee Food Supplements: Method Development, Occurrence, and Health Risk Assessment Carbonell Rozas, Laura Augustin Mihalache, Octavian Bruni, Renato Dall’Asta, Chiara Mycotoxins Green coffee Food supplements Dietary supplements Risk assessment This study investigates the presence of mycotoxins in green coffee-based dietary supplements to ensure their safety, given the potential risks of contamination and the growing interest in them among consumers. A sample treatment based on a salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) followed by one-step solid-phase extraction (SPE) was selected for the extraction and clean-up of 15 mycotoxins followed by ultra-high performance chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-MS/MS). The target mycotoxins included aflatoxins (AFG1, AFG2, AFB1, AFB2), Alternaria toxins (AOH, AME, TEN), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisins (FB1, FB2), zearalenone (ZEN), trichothecenes (T-2, HT-2), enniatin B1 (ENNB1), and beauvericin (BEA). The proposed method was successfully characterized, obtaining high recoveries, a satisfactory precision, and low detection limits. Subsequently, the method was applied for the analysis of 16 commercial food supplements. The analysis revealed the presence of mycotoxins in all samples investigated with Fusarium mycotoxins as the most prevalent. The dietary exposure and risk characterization revealed a low level of risk, except for AFs where chronic exposure in adults may lead to potential health concerns. 2025-09-04T11:48:15Z 2025-09-04T11:48:15Z 2025-06-21 journal article Carbonell-Rozas, L.; Mihalache, O.A.; Bruni, R.; Dall’Asta, C. Comprehensive Analysis of Mycotoxins in Green Coffee Food Supplements: Method Development, Occurrence, and Health Risk Assessment. Toxins 2025, 17, 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17070316 https://hdl.handle.net/10481/106068 10.3390/toxins17070316 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional MDPI