Hybridization of Multiconductor Transmission Line Solver With Circuit Solver Ngspice to Treat Line Interconnections and Terminations Gascón Bravo, Alberto Díaz Angulo, Luis Manuel Silva, Ferrán Quílez Figuerola, Marcos Tekbas, Kenan González García, Salvador Circuit simulators Computational modeling Finite difference methods Multiconductor transmission lines (MTLs) Time-domain analysis This work was supported by PID2022-137495OB-C31 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF, EU, in part by the EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through Marie Sklodowska Curie Action under Grant 101066571, in part by the European Union under Grant 101101961 - HECATE, in part by the Clean Aviation Joint Undertaking and its Members, and in part by Universidad de Granada / CBUA This article presents the hybridization of a multiconductor transmission line (MTL) solver, implemented using the finite-difference time-domain method, with the circuit solver ngspice to treat the terminations and interconnections of transmission lines. Transient analysis and crosstalk in MTLs have been widely studied, but the line terminations and the connections between lines are mostly restricted to lumped resistors, inductors and capacitors (RLC) components. However, realistic systems, such as power distribution or communication systems, typically involve more complex and a priori unknown connections. By integrating the MTL solver with a circuit solver, the proposed approach enables the inclusion of any component for which a circuit model can be written or already exists, i.e., dispersive elements, such as ferrites, and electronic components, such as diodes, amplifiers, or transistors. This capability makes it possible to simulate the MTL networks with complex, including nonlinear, terminations and interconnections modeled by circuits. The proposed method is validated through comparison with experimental laboratory measurements. 2025-06-27T08:55:19Z 2025-06-27T08:55:19Z 2025-04-28 journal article A. G. Bravo, L. M. D. Angulo, F. Silva, M. Quílez, K. Tekbaş and S. G. García, "Hybridization of Multiconductor Transmission Line Solver With Circuit Solver Ngspice to Treat Line Interconnections and Terminations," in IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 931-939, June 2025, [DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2025.3560361] https://hdl.handle.net/10481/104884 10.1109/TEMC.2025.3560361 eng info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/MSC/101066571 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional IEEE