Modelling environmental constraints on the efficiency of management forms for public service delivery Pérez López, Gemma Prior, Diego Zafra Gómez, José Luis cost efficiency management forms environmental constraints public service delivery This paper presents a new non-parametric methodology in which robust frontiers are used to measure the impact of environmental constraints on efficiency. In this approach, a data panel structure is applied to determine which management forms for the delivery of municipal services – public or private, in cooperation or individual – are best suited to the environment where the services are provided. The study method proposed is then applied to analyse the waste collection service provided in Spanish municipalities during the period 2002–2014. The results obtained show that of the management forms considered inter-municipal cooperation adapts best to heterogeneous environmental conditions. 2025-05-14T06:27:07Z 2025-05-14T06:27:07Z 2021-05-01 journal article Waste Management, 126, 443-453 https://hdl.handle.net/10481/104095 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.03.007 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ open access Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional Elsevier