Response inhibition and attentional control in anxiety

Abstract

Traditionally, anxiety has been associated with a selective attentional bias for threat and a decreased capacity in attentional control. In two different experiments, we investigated whether individuals with different levels of self-reported state-anxiety (Exp 1) and induced-anxiety (Exp 2) had impaired response inhibition processes (attentional control deficit) as characterized by a different response style in the presence of negative stimuli under low and high perceptual load conditions. A go/no-go paradigm with emotional distracters (angry, happy, and neutral faces) was used to provide measures of perceptual sensitivity, inhibition and response style. Our findings showed that perceptual sensitivity, as assessed by d’ parameter of Signal Detection Theory, was reduced in all participants for angry faces under low perceptual load, where enough perceptual resources were available to be attracted by distracters. Importantly, despite similar perceptual sensitivity, the Beta parameter indicated that high state anxiety individuals in both experiments were less flexible at adjusting to task demands in the presence of angry face distracters by adopting a stricter criterion. Implications of findings are discussed within current models of attentional control in anxiety.