Respuesta antioxidante de Artemia franciscana al nitroprusiato sódico (SNP)

Abstract

Among emerging pollutants, the pharma drugs focus a great research interest. Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) is one of the cyanogens most used as a vasodilator for the treatment of cardiac problems. Due to the increasing expansion and the putative contamination of aquatic environments causes by the mismanagement of pharmacological waste, it is important to carry out ecotoxicological assays to clarify its effect on populations of aquatic invertebrates, which act as bioindicators. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the SNP in the invertebrate Artemia franciscana. So, Artemia franciscana nauplii were subjected to different concentrations of SNP (0-3000 μg/mL) for 24 hours, determining the values of LC20, LC50 and LC80. To determine the antioxidant and detoxifying response of these organisms against to SNP, the activity of different enzymes involved in this process: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), Glutathione reductase (GR), Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), Glutathione S-transferase (GST), DT-Diaphorase (DTD) was quantified, and the levels of lipid peroxidation, (Malondialdheyde (MDA) and total enzyme antioxidant activity (TEAC). The results denoted the existence of a positive correlation between the dose of SNP used and the activity of the enzymes GPX, GR, GST and G6PDH, as well as TEAC, which has been linked to an increase in antioxidant and detoxifying ability of xenobiotic compounds in such organism against the SNP. However, no significant differences were observed for SOD, CAT and DTD enzymes response, as well as in the levels of lipid peroxidation. This is indicative that the SNP exposure produces the inactivation of these enzymes, showing the time-dependent effect that SNP present in the peroxidation lipid in Artemia franciscana nauplii.