Advancements in Nutritional Strategies for Gestational Diabetes Management: A Systematic Review of Recent Evidence
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Sánchez García, Juan Carlos; Saraceno López-Palop, Ines; Piqueras Sola, Beatriz; Cortés Martín, Jonathan; Mellado García, Elena; Muñoz Sánchez, Inmaculada Concepción; Rodríguez Blanque, RaquelEditorial
MDPI
Materia
Gestational diabetes Pregnant Nutrition
Fecha
2023-12-20Referencia bibliográfica
Sánchez-García, J.C.; Saraceno López-Palop, I.; Piqueras-Sola, B.; Cortés-Martín, J.; Mellado-García, E.; Muñóz Sánchez, I.; Rodríguez-Blanque, R. Advancements in Nutritional Strategies for Gestational DiabetesManagement: A Systematic Review of Recent Evidence. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010037
Resumen
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as hyperglycaemia first detected at any
time during pregnancy with values lower than those determined by the WHO for diabetes diagnosis
in adults. This pathology, with a worldwide prevalence of 13.4%, causes significant maternal and
foetal risks. The first line of treatment consists of maintaining normo-glycaemia through an adequate
diet and lifestyle changes. The aim is to synthesize the scientific evidence updating the nutritional
recommendations for the effective management of GDM. A systematic review of the scientific
literature was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Randomized clinical trials published
within the last five years and providing information on nutritional recommendations to achieve an
effective management of gestational diabetes were selected. The databases searched were PubMed,
the WOS Core Collection, SCOPUS, and CINAHL, using the MeSH terms: “Diabetes, Gestational”;
“Nutrition Assessment (nutrition*)”; “Diet”; “Eating”; and “Food”; with the Boolean operators “AND”
and “OR”. The PEDro scale (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) was used to assess the scientific
quality of the studies, with a mean score of 8.9, indicating an average good scientific quality. Results:
A total of 809 papers were collected, of which, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria,
14 randomized clinical trials were selected. Probiotic supplementation and co-supplementation
with vitamin D have been found to be the most beneficial options for both mothers with GDM and
neonates, but the most effective regimens are not known. Diets enriched with extra virgin olive oil
(EVOO) and oat bran, as well as some recommendations focused on carbohydrates also seem effective,
as well as diets designed for this group of women with GDM such as “CHOICE”. Conclusions:
Although there are numerous proposals that have been published in recent years focused on the
diet of women with GDM in order to improve their results and those of their children, it is the
supplementation with probiotics and the co-supplementation with vitamin D that is most agreed
upon as beneficial; however, more research is needed into which protocols are most effective. Other
proposals that could also be beneficial should be further studied.