Oral health and healthy chewing for healthy cognitive ageing: A comprehensive narrative review.

Abstract

Introduction: Aging leads to physiological cognitive decline that it is worsened in people with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease. Despite the ongoing search for a solution to this cognitive decline, no effective remedies have been established. It has been determined that modifiable external factors, such as oral health and occlusal function, prevent cognitive decline. Objective: To analyze the primary interactions between occlusal function and cognitive functions. Main findings: Masticatory function is related to cognitive functions. In particular, current evidence, from both animal and human studies, suggests that the activation of masticatory muscles and proper mastication, with natural teeth or dental prosthesis, induces the release of several mediators and the activation of specific brain areas. Together, they result in higher neuronal activity, neurotrophic support, blood flow and the prevention of amyloid beta plaque formation. Thus, all the components of the masticatory system must work together in order to preserve cognitive function. Conclusions: Available evidence suggests that oral and cognitive health are more interconnected than previously thought. Therefore, maintenance and adequate restoration of the whole masticatory system are important for the prevention of cognitive decline. In summary, oral and chewing health lead to healthy cognitive aging.