An Evidence-Based Update on the Potential for Malignancy of Oral Lichen Planus and Related Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Metadatos
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MDPI
Materia
Oral lichen planus Oral potentially malignant disorder Oral cancer
Fecha
2024-01-31Referencia bibliográfica
González-Moles, M.Á.; Ramos-García, P. An Evidence-Based Update on the Potential for Malignancy of Oral Lichen Planus and Related Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers 2024, 16, 608. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16030608
Resumen
A systematic review and a meta-analysis is presented on published articles on the malignant
transformation of oral lichen planus (OLP) and related conditions, which, based on current evidence,
updates an earlier systematic review published by our research group that included publications
until November 2018. In this updated study (Nov-2023) we searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of
Science, and Scopus. We evaluated the methodological quality of studies (QUIPS tool) and carried
out meta-analyses. The inclusion criteria were met by 101 studies (38,083 patients), of which, 20 new
primary-level studies (11,512 patients) were published in the last 5 years and were added to our
updated study. The pooled malignant transformation ratio was 1.43% (95% CI = 1.09–1.80) for
OLP; 1.38% (95% CI = 0.16–3.38) for oral lichenoid lesions; 1.20% (95% CI = 0.00–4.25) for lichenoid
reactions; and 5.13% (95% CI = 1.90–9.43) for OLP with dysplasia. No significant differences were
found between the OLL or LR groups and the OLP subgroup (p = 0.853 and p = 0.328, respectively),
and the malignant transformation was significantly higher for the OLP with dysplasia group in
comparison with the OLP group (p = 0.001). The factors that had a significant impact with a higher
risk of malignant transformation were the presence of epithelial dysplasia, a higher methodological
quality, the consumption of tobacco and alcohol, the location of lesions on the tongue, the presence of
atrophic and erosive lesions, and infection by the hepatitis C virus. In conclusion, OLP behaves as an
oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), whose malignancy ratio is probably underestimated as
a consequence essentially of the use of inadequate diagnostic criteria and the low methodological
quality of the studies on the subject.