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Damage of porous building stone by sodium carbonate crystallization and the effect of crystallization modifiers
dc.contributor.author | Ruiz Agudo, Encarnación | |
dc.contributor.author | Ibáñez Velasco, Aurelia María | |
dc.contributor.author | Ruiz Agudo, Cristina | |
dc.contributor.author | Bonilla-Correa, Sarah | |
dc.contributor.author | Elert, Kerstin | |
dc.contributor.author | Rodríguez Navarro, Carlos Manuel | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-06-13T07:04:36Z | |
dc.date.available | 2024-06-13T07:04:36Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2023-12-27 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Ruiz-Agudo, Encarnación, et al. Damage of porous building stone by sodium carbonate crystallization and the effect of crystallization modifiers. Construction and Building Materials 411 (2024) 134591 [10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134591] | es_ES |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10481/92549 | |
dc.description.abstract | Salt crystallization is an aggressive weathering mechanism affecting porous building materials. The extensive use of Portland cement, a source of alkalis, in modern buildings and restoration interventions makes sodium carbonate salts important weathering agents. Herein, we study salt damage to a porous stone commonly used in the Andalusian built heritage (Santa Pudia limestone) due to stress generation associated with the precipitation of natron (Na2CO3⋅10 H2O). We performed cyclic crystallization tests combined with thermodynamic and poromechanical calculations to determine salt crystallization pressure and effective tensile stress suffered by the material. The outcome reveals that in-pore natron crystallization during cooling/evaporation generates stresses exceeding the tensile strength of the wet substrate, leading to extensive damage by fracturing and material loss. Damage is reduced using aminotris(methylenephosphonic) acid (ATMP), a common phosphonate-based crystallization modifier that induces non-damaging efflorescence growth as opposed to damaging subflorescence growth, which takes place in its absence. | es_ES |
dc.description.sponsorship | Campus of International Excellence in Heritage, PatrimoniUN10 (project CEI14-PATRIM-1) | es_ES |
dc.description.sponsorship | Junta de Andalucía (Research Group RNM-179 and project P20_00675) | es_ES |
dc.description.sponsorship | University of Granada, UGR (Research Excellence Unit UCEPP2016-05 "Carbonates") | es_ES |
dc.description.sponsorship | Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the research project PID2021-125305NB-I00 | es_ES |
dc.language.iso | eng | es_ES |
dc.publisher | Elsevier | es_ES |
dc.rights | Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | * |
dc.subject | Sodium carbonate | es_ES |
dc.subject | Salt crystallization | es_ES |
dc.subject | Salt damage | es_ES |
dc.title | Damage of porous building stone by sodium carbonate crystallization and the effect of crystallization modifiers | es_ES |
dc.type | journal article | es_ES |
dc.rights.accessRights | open access | es_ES |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134591 | |
dc.type.hasVersion | VoR | es_ES |