Factores de riesgo y niveles de burnout en enfermeras de atención primaria: una revisión sistemática

Abstract

reviewAbstractObjective: To determine the risk factors and levels of burnout in Primary Care nurses.Methods: A systematic review was performed.Data sources: CINAHL, CUIDEN, LILACS, PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect and Scopus databaseswere consulted. Search equations were ‘burnout AND community health nursing’ and ‘burnoutAND primary care nursing’. The search was performed in October 2015.Study selection: The final sample was n = 12 studies. Quantitative primary studies that usedMaslach Burnout Inventory for burnout assessment in Primary Care nurses were included withoutrestriction by publication date.Data extraction:The main variables were the mean and standard deviation of the three burnoutdimensions, high, medium and low prevalence rates of each dimension, and socio-demographic,occupational and psychological variables that potentially influence burnout level.Results: Studies show high prevalence rates, generally between 23% and 31%, of emotionalexhaustion. The prevalence rates of high depersonalisation and low personal accomplishmentshow heterogeneity, varying between 8%-32% and 4%-92% of the sample, respectively. Studiesshow that older nurses with more seniority, anxiety and depression, among other variables,have higher burnout levels, while nurses with higher salary, high job satisfaction, organisationalsupport, and good self-concept have less burnout.Conclusion: High emotional exhaustion is the main affected dimension of burnout in PrimaryCare nursing. There is heterogeneity in depersonalisation and personal accomplishment. Bur-nout must be prevented in these professionals, by increasing protective factors and monitoringits appearance in those with risk factors.