The AMIGA sample of isolated galaxies XIV. Disc breaks and interactions through ultra-deep optical imaging
Metadatos
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Sánchez Alarcón, P. M.; Román, J; Verdes Montenegro, Lourdes; Argudo Fernández, María del Carmen; Sánchez Exposito, S.; Garrido, Jeric; Sánchez Exposito, SEditorial
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Materia
Galaxies: evolution Galaxies: structure Galaxies: photometry Galaxies: interactions
Fecha
2023-09Referencia bibliográfica
Sánchez-Alarcón, P. M., Román, J., Knapen, J. H., Verdes-Montenegro, L., Comerón, S., Rich, R. M., ... & Sánchez-Exposito, S. (2023). The AMIGA sample of isolated galaxies-XIV. Disc breaks and interactions through ultra-deep optical imaging. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 677, A117.[https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346719]
Patrocinador
State Research Agency (AEI-MCINN) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the grant “The structure and evolution of galaxies and their central regions” with reference PID2019-105602GBI00/10.13039/501100011033; Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento y Empleo del Gobierno de Canarias and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under grant with reference PROID2021010044; Project P/300724, financed by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, through the State Budget and by the Canary Islands Department of Economy, Knowledge and Employment, through the Regional Budget of the Autonomous Community.; University of La Laguna through the Margarita Salas Program from the Spanish Ministry of Universities ref. UNI/551/2021-May 26, and under the EU Next Generation; CEX2021-001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, RTI2018-096228-B-C31; PID2021-123930OB-C21 by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033; ERDF A way of making Europe” and by the “European Union” and from IAA4SKA (R18-RT-3082) funded by the Economic Transformation, Industry; Universities Council of the Regional Government of Andalusia; The European Regional Development Fund from the European Union; State Research Agency (AEI-MCINN) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the grant “Thick discs, relics of the infancy of galaxies” with reference PID2020-113213GA-I00; FONDECYT iniciación project 11200107; Emergia program (EMERGIA20_38888) from Consejería de Transformación Económica; Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades and University of Granada; Spanish Prototype of an SRC (SPSRC) service and support funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities; Regional Government of Andalusia; European Regional Development Funds and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR; The SPSRC acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709) and from the grant CEX2021-001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033; Programs C163/13A, C106/13B; C106/14A. Based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programme(s) 098.B-0775(A), 093.B-0894(A); Telescope and Astronomy Data Center at National Astronomical Observatory of JapanResumen
Context. In the standard cosmological model of galaxy evolution, mergers and interactions play a fundamental role in shaping galaxies. Galaxies that are currently isolated are thus interesting because they allow us to distinguish between internal and external processes that affect the galactic structure. However, current observational limits may obscure crucial information in the low-mass or low-brightness regime.
Aims. We use optical imaging of a subsample of the AMIGA catalogue of isolated galaxies to explore the impact of different factors on the structure of these galaxies. In particular, we study the type of disc break as a function of the degree of isolation and the presence of interaction indicators such as tidal streams or plumes, which are only detectable in the ultra-low surface brightness regime.
Methods. We present ultra-deep optical imaging in the r band of a sample of 25 low-redshift (z < 0.035) isolated galaxies. Through careful data processing and analysis techniques, the nominal surface brightness limits achieved are comparable to those to be obtained on the ten-year LSST coadds (μr,lim ≳ 29.5 mag arcsec−2 [3σ; 10″ × 10″]). We place special emphasis on preserving the low surface brightness features throughout the processing.
Results. The extreme depth of our imaging allows us to study the interaction signatures of 20 galaxies since Galactic cirrus is a strong limiting factor in the characterisation of interactions for the remaining 5 of them. We detect previously unreported interaction features in 8 (40% ± 14%) galaxies in our sample. We identify 9 galaxies (36% ± 10%) with an exponential disc (Type I), 14 galaxies (56% ± 10%) with a down-bending (Type II) profile, and only 2 galaxies (8% ± 5%) with up-bending (Type III) profiles. Isolated galaxies have considerably more purely exponential discs and fewer up-bending surface brightness profiles than field or cluster galaxies. We find clear minor merger activity in some of the galaxies with single exponential or down-bending profiles, and both of the galaxies with up-bending profiles show signatures of a past interaction.
Conclusions. We show the importance of ultra-deep optical imaging in revealing faint external features in galaxies that indicate a probable history of interaction. We confirm that up-bending profiles are likely produced by major mergers, while down-bending profiles are probably formed by a threshold in star formation. Unperturbed galaxies that slowly evolve with a low star formation rate could induce the high rate of Type I discs in isolated galaxies.
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