The Use of Expanded Polystyrene and Olive Stones in the Manufacture of Lightweight Bricks: Evaluation of Their Properties and Durability

Abstract

This paper studies the effects of using 20, 40 and 60% vol. of either expanded polystyrene (EPS) or olive stones as additives in the manufacture of handmade bricks. The bricks were made using clayey earth from Viznar (Spain) and were fired at 950 C. The effects of the additives on the mineralogical, textural and physical properties of the fired bricks were analysed, focusing mainly on possible changes in their pore system, thermal insulation, compressive strength, colour and salt crystallisation resistance. From a mineralogical point of view, the bricks made with olive stones had a lighter red colour due to their lower hematite content. As expected, the samples made with these additives had greater porosity and better thermal insulation. However, they also had lower compressive strength to the point that the only samples that met the recommended criteria for general construction work were those with 20% vol. EPS, while those with 40% vol. EPS met the criteria to be used as lightweight bricks. Both additives improved the resistance of the bricks to decay by salt crystallisation.