Technological Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Tinnitus

Abstract

Tinnitus disorder is a bothersome perception of a composite noise or tone in the ears in the absence of an external source, associated with emotional distress, cognitive dysfunction, and/or autonomic arousal. Tinnitus frequently occurs as a symptom together with other hearing disorders (high-frequency hearing loss, Meniere’s disease, vestibular schwannoma), auditory pathway disorders (hyperacusis), mental disorders (anxiety, depression), vascular risk factors (high blood pressure, dyslipidemia), or neurological disorders (intracranial hypertension, migraine).