Oxoperoxovanadium Complexes of Hetero Ligands: X-Ray Crystal Structure, Density Functional Theory, and Investigations on DNA/ BSA Interactions, Cytotoxic, and Molecular Docking Studies

Abstract

Oxoperoxovanadium (V) complexes [VO (O)2 (nf ) (bp)] (1) and [VO (O)2 (ox) (bp)] (2) based on 5-nitro-2-furoic acid (nf ), oxine (ox) and 2, 2 bipyridine (bp) bidentate ligands have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-visible, mass, and NMR spectroscopic techniques. e structure of complex 2 shows distorted pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry, as con rmed by a single-crystal XRD di raction study. e interactions of complexes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and calf thymus DNA (CTDNA) are investigated using UV-visible and uorescence spectroscopic techniques. It has been observed that CT-DNA interacts with complexes through groove binding mode and the binding constants for complexes 1 and 2 are 8.7 ×103M−1 and 8.6 ×103M−1, respectively, and BSA quenching constants for complexes 1 and 2 are 0.0628 ×106M−1 and 0.0163 ×106M−1, respectively. e ability of complexes to cleave DNA is investigated using the gel electrophoresis method with pBR322 plasmid DNA. Furthermore, the cytotoxic e ect of the complexes is evaluated against the HeLa cell line using an MTT assay. e complexes are subjected to density functional theory calculations to gain insight into their molecular geometries and are in accordance with the results of docking studies. Furthermore, based on molecular docking studies, the intermolecular interactions responsible for the stronger binding a£nities between metal complexes and DNA are discussed.